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Cool Desktop Wallpaper Biography
Cool Desktop Wallpaper Biography
Cool Desktop Wallpaper, using the printmaking technique of woodcut,
gained popularity in Renaissance Europe amongst the emerging gentry. The
elite of society were accustomed to hanging large tapestries on the
walls of their homes, a tradition from the Middle Ages. These tapestries
added color to the room as well as providing an insulating layer
between the stone walls and the room, thus retaining heat in the room.
However, tapestries were extremely expensive and so only the very rich
could afford them. Less well-off members of the elite, unable to buy
tapestries due either to prices or wars preventing international trade,
turned to wallpaper to brighten up their rooms.
Early wallpaper featured scenes similar to those depicted on tapestries,
and large sheets of the paper were sometimes hung loose on the walls,
in the style of tapestries, and sometimes pasted as today. Prints were
very often pasted to walls, instead of being framed and hung, and the
largest sizes of prints, which came in several sheets, were probably
mainly intended to be pasted to walls. Some important artists made such
pieces, notably Albrecht Dürer, who worked on both large picture prints
and also ornament prints intended for wall-hanging. The largest picture
print was The Triumphal Arch commissioned by the Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I and completed in 1515. This measured a colossal 3.57 by
2.95 metres, made up of 192 sheets, and was printed in a first edition
of 700 copies, intended to be hung in palaces and, in particular, town
halls, after hand-coloring.
Very few samples of the earliest repeating pattern wallpapers survive,
but there are a large number of old master prints, often in engraving of
repeating or repeatable decorative patterns. These are called ornament
prints and were intended as models for wallpaper makers, among other
uses.
England and France were leaders in European wallpaper manufacturing.
Among the earliest known samples is one found on a wall from England and
is printed on the back of a London proclamation of 1509. It became very
popular in England following Henry VIII's excommunication from the
Catholic Church - English aristocrats had always imported tapestries
from Flanders and Arras, but Henry VIII's split with the Catholic Church
had resulted in a fall in trade with Europe. Without any tapestry
manufacturers in England, English gentry and aristocracy alike turned to
wallpaper.
During the Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell, the manufacture of
wallpaper, seen as a frivolous item by the Puritan government, was
halted. Following the Restoration of Charles II, wealthy people across
England began demanding wallpaper again - Cromwell's regime had imposed a
boring culture on people, and following his death, wealthy people began
purchasing comfortable domestic items which had been banned under the
Puritan state. In 1712, during the reign of Queen Anne, a wallpaper tax
was introduced which was not abolished until 1836. By the mid-eighteenth
century, Britain was the leading wallpaper manufacturer in Europe,
exporting vast quantities to Europe in addition to selling on the
middle-class British market. However this trade was seriously disrupted
in 1755 by the Seven Years War and later the Napoleonic Wars, and by a
heavy level of duty on imports to France.
In 1748 the English ambassador to Paris decorated his salon with blue
flock wallpaper, which then became very fashionable there. In the 1760s
the French manufacturer Jean-Baptiste Réveillon hired designers working
in silk and tapestry to produce some of the most subtle and luxurious
wallpaper ever made. His sky blue wallpaper with fleurs-de-lys was used
in 1783 on the first balloons by the Montgolfier brothers. The landscape
painter Jean-Baptiste Pillement discovered in 1763 a method to use fast
colours. Towards the end of the century the fashion for scenic
wallpaper revived in both England and France, leading to some enormous
panoramas, like the 1804 20 strip wide Panorama, designed by the artist
Jean-Gabriel Charvet for the French Manufacture Joseph Dufour et Cie
showing the Voyages of Captain Cook. One of this famous so called
"papier peint" wallpaper is still in situ in Ham House, Peabody
Massachusetts. Beside Joseph Dufour et Cie other French manufacturers of
panoramic scenic and trompe l'œil wallpapers, Zuber et Cie and Arthur
et Robert exported their product across Europe and North America. Zuber
et Cie's c. 1834 design Views of North America is installed in the
Diplomatic Reception Room of the White House. Like most of eighteenth
century wallpapers, this was designed to be hung above a dado.
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
Cool Desktop Wallpaper
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